Easter: Its Meaning and Origin

Easter, alongside the Nativity of Christ, is one of the most significant celebrations in the Christian calendar. Christians celebrate and give thanks for the Resurrection of Jesus Christ during this time. After His crucifixion, death, and burial, Jesus rose from the grave three days later. By doing so, He conquered death and redeemed humanity from sin.

Origin of the Name “Easter”

The English word “Easter” is of uncertain origin and parallels the German word “Ostern”. One theory, suggested by the Venerable Bede in the 8th century, claims the name comes from Eostre (or Eostrae), an Anglo-Saxon goddess linked to spring and fertility. However, this connection has been disputed. Some scholars argue she was more of a protective deity than a fertility figure.

Some believe Christians may have borrowed pagan names and holidays for their major celebrations. Similar claims exist regarding Christmas, which some associate with pagan winter solstice rituals. Yet, this theory is debated. Christians were deeply opposed to paganism.

Another common explanation is that the word “Easter” comes from the Christian term for Easter week, albis. This Latin word means “dawn.” Over time, it became eostarum in Old High German, leading to the modern English and German words. The Greek and Latin word Pascha (meaning “Passover”) also influenced the French term Pâques.

The Meaning of “Easter”

According to Easton’s Bible Dictionary, “Easter” originates from Eostre, a Saxon goddess worshipped during the Passover period.

Another possibility is that “Easter” comes from the Norse word eostur, eastur, or ostara. These terms mean “the season of the growing sun” or “the season of new birth.” The word east shares the same root. This interpretation ties Easter to the arrival of spring.

Another view highlights Christian traditions. The early Latin name for its week was hebdomada alba, meaning “white week.” The Sunday after Easter was called Dominica in albis. This referred to the white robes worn by newly baptized individuals. The Latin word alba means both “white” and “dawn.” In Old High German, a translation error led to the use of ostarum (plural of dawn) instead of the plural of “white.” This led to Ostern in German and in English.